Novel approach for diabetic wound healing: adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells Exo@SPHydrogel combined with laser therapy.

This study investigates the effectiveness of multifunctional hydrogels incorporating chlorophyll derivatives and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) exosomes for promoting wound healing in a rat model. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of rat wound tissues revealed a decrease in levels of endothelial cells and M2-type macrophages. The newly developed hydrogel, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes@Spirulina Platensis (AD-MSC-exo@SP), demonstrated various functionalities including inhibition of biofilm formation, antimicrobial properties, and stimulation of angiogenesis and M2-type macrophage polarization in vitro. Animal trials showed increased expression of proliferative and angiogenic proteins, enhanced M2-type macrophage polarization, reduced inflammation, and improved antimicrobial effects when combined with laser therapy, leading to accelerated skin wound healing. These findings highlight the potential of the AD-MSC-exo@SP hydrogel as a promising approach to improve wound repair outcomes.