Abstract
The pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) was defined more than a century ago as a chronic inflammatory process which is associated with widespread primary demyelination and glial scarring. In this short review we discuss controversial issues on (i) the relationship between inflammation and demyelination, (ii) the various possible mechanisms of myelin destruction, and (iii) axonal involvement in this disease. We suggest that the disease process of MS is more complex that previously believed.