Abstract
No single animal stroke model satisfies all needs of translational stroke investigation. While the nylon filament model is widely accepted in preclinical translational stroke research, thromboembolic models have more physiological relevance. Thromboembolic models are technically difficult, time consuming, and show variable results, making them problematic for multi-laboratory preclinical network use. We sought to develop and validate a multi-laboratory thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion model that encompasses vessel occlusion and subsequent thrombolysis. To reduce the numbers of donor animals used, we developed a method to store donor blood for later use. Using prefabricated microcatheters, we simplified thrombus preparation and handling. Emboli were prepared in microcatheters and injected directly into the middle cerebral artery from the internal carotid artery. For thrombolysis we used intravenous Tenecteplase dosing at 1.5 mg/kg. To demonstrate feasibility and ease-of-use, the model was implemented at six research laboratories. We wrote and field-tested standard operating procedures, training videos, and hands-on surgical training workshops. We enrolled 170 Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes at six laboratories who performed 4 to 6 thrombus embolizations per week. All sites could achieve reproducible occlusion and thrombolysis. Thromboemboli prepared from stored blood served as well as emboli from freshly drawn blood. Of 135 rats who received one embolus, 33 (24%) died before 48-hour MRI scan. In survivors, stroke volume was 13 ± 16% of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Occlusions were seen in the MCA in 15%, distal ICA in 19%, both (T-occlusions) in 2% and in the MCA/ACA in 1%. Corner test, neurobehavioral battery, and MRI showed reasonably consistent stroke injury. We established the feasibility and reproducibility of a multi-laboratory rodent thromboembolic model but further development is needed to improve the success rate and lower the mortality rate before this model can be accepted widely. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12975-025-01407-4.