Abstract
In recent years, industrial activities have significantly increased atmospheric CO(2) levels, exacerbating global warming. Carbon reduction involves implementing measures to minimize CO(2) emissions from human activities and achieve a balance between carbon absorption and emissions. Therefore, effective reduction of CO(2) emissions is crucial. Conventional physical and chemical methods for CO₂ fixation frequently cause secondary environmental pollution. As a result, utilizing microorganisms for CO(2) fixation has gained considerable interest. This review provides an overview of the natural pathways for microbial CO(2) fixation, recent advancements in artificial CO(2) fixation, and strategies for enhancing the efficiency of microbial CO(2) fixation. We also discuss the conversion of CO(2) into diverse metabolic products and high-value chemicals. By identifying efficient carbon fixation pathways for microorganisms, this review aims to lay the foundation for the biological production of high-value chemicals using CO(2) as a raw material.