Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has followed a wave pattern, with an increase in new cases followed by a drop. Several factors influence this pattern, including vaccination efficacy over time, human behavior, infection management measures used, emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the size of the vulnerable population, among others. In this study, we used three statistical approaches to analyze COVID-19 dissemination data collected from 15 November 2021 to 09 January 2022 for the prediction of further spread and to determine the behavior of the pandemic in the top 12 countries by infection incidence at that time, namely Distribution Fitting, Time Series Modeling, and Epidemiological Modeling. We fitted various theoretical distributions to data sets from different countries, yielding the best-fit distribution for the most accurate interpretation and prediction of the disease spread. Several time series models were fitted to the data of the studied countries using the expert modeler to obtain the best fitting models. Finally, we estimated the infection rates (β), recovery rates (γ), and Basic Reproduction Numbers ([Formula: see text]) for the countries using the compartmental model SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered). Following more research on this, our findings may be validated and interpreted. Therefore, the most refined information may be used to develop the best policies for breaking the disease's chain of transmission by implementing suppressive measures such as vaccination, which will also aid in the prevention of future waves of infection.