Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between sleep-related factors, including sleep duration, self-reported sleep disturbances, and diagnosed sleep disorders, and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US participants. METHODS: The data of this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2014. Sleep factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and overall sleep scores were calculated on a scale of 0 to 3. The participants were classified into three sleep pattern groups: poor sleep pattern (overall sleep score ≤ 1), intermediate sleep pattern (overall sleep score = 2), and healthy sleep pattern (overall sleep score = 3). CVD was defined based on self-reported questionnaire responses. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between sleep factors and CVD. RESULTS: Among 21,115 participants, 2,245 (10.6%) were diagnosed with CVD. Participants with poor sleep patterns had a significantly higher risk of CVD (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.52-2.16, p < 0.001). Self-reported trouble sleeping (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32-1.78, p < 0.001), and sleep disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.75-2.50, p < 0.001) were related to an increased risk of CVD. However, no such association was observed for either short (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.33, p = 0.174) or long sleep durations (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90-1.45, p = 0.266). Our study also suggested an interaction between sleep patterns and age (P for interaction = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant association between poor sleep patterns and an increased risk of CVD in US participants.