Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess female participation in the Brazilian Congress of Ophthalmology. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive-analytical study examined the profiles of individuals involved in the scientific program of the Brazilian Congress of Ophthalmology from 2016 to 2023. Data were provided by the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology and were categorized by ophthalmology subspecialty, participant role, and geographic region of origin within Brazil. Roles were grouped into three main categories: coordinator, speaker, and moderator/discussant. RESULTS: Female participation at the congress increased from 33% in 2016 to 42% in 2023, showing an annual upward trend of 1.33 (p<0.001). Around 64% of female participants were from the Southeast region, while 16% were from the Northeast. The coordinator role showed the largest increase in female participation, rising from 22% in 2016 to 40% in 2023 (Slope: 2; p<0.001), followed by the speaker role, which increased from 34% to 44% (Slope: 1.5; p<0.001), and the moderator/discussant role, which rose from 32% to 38% (Slope: 1.24; p=0.0586). Changes in female representation across ophthalmology subspecialties were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: From 2016-2023, female participation in the Brazilian Congress of Ophthalmology increased across most subspecialties and conference roles. Although gender disparity has narrowed, continuous efforts are needed to achieve greater gender equity and equality in ophthalmology conferences.