Abstract
Poxviruses belong to the Poxviridae family, a group of pathogens known for their high infectivity in humans, posing significant health threats. One of the most well-known representatives of poxvirus infections is smallpox, which has been successfully eradicated. However, in recent years, there has been a resurgence in cases of mpox, another member of the Poxviridae family, raising concerns about the potential for a global pandemic or a worldwide health crisis. While the typical clinical presentation of mpox and other poxvirus infections often involves cutaneous lesions, there have been reports of various atypical and non-classic clinical manifestations. Dermoscopy has emerged as a crucial diagnostic tool, aiding dermatologists in clinical practice to make informed decisions. In this summary, we provide an overview of the clinical and dermoscopic features of representative cutaneous lesions associated with human poxvirus infections, including mpox, orf, milker's nodule, and molluscum contagiosum.