Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with arterial embolism in children is rare but progresses rapidly, potentially leading to severe limb ischemia and disability. This study reports a case of MPP complicated with upper limb arterial embolism and reviews relevant literature to explore its pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and clinical management principles. CASE PRESENTATION: On January 9, 2025, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine admitted an Asian male pediatric patient with upper limb arterial embolism. The patient developed acute limb ischemia secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and was diagnosed with upper limb arterial embolism. Endovascular thrombectomy was performed, followed by postoperative anticoagulation, anti-infective therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. After comprehensive management, the ischemic condition of the affected limb significantly improved, with no obvious functional impairment, achieving satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSION: The risk of thrombosis in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is often overlooked by clinicians. Due to its rapid progression and potentially severe consequences, early identification of thrombotic risk is crucial. A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy for each patient, aiming to improve prognosis and reduce the risk of disability.