Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy, as well as postoperative pain levels, following non-surgical retreatment of single-rooted teeth using tricalcium silicate- or calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients diagnosed with apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to two groups: tricalcium silicate (n = 25) and calcium hydroxide (n = 24). Microbiological samples were obtained before instrumentation (S1), after chemo-mechanical preparation (S2), and 10 days post-medication (S3). Total bacterial load and Candida albicans levels were quantified using qPCR. Postoperative pain was assessed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups in demographic variables. The calcium hydroxide group showed a significantly greater reduction in total bacterial load in S3 samples. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding C. albicans levels or postoperative pain at any time point. However, a significant reduction in pain was noted on day 1 compared to baseline in the calcium hydroxide group. CONCLUSIONS: Both materials were effective in reducing microbial load; however, calcium hydroxide demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy. Antifungal activity and postoperative pain outcomes were comparable between the groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov on 15/01/2025 (NCT06779370).