Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) cases in China have increased significantly between 2015 and 2020. A total of 25 regions had re-emerged yielding 88 MT-ZVL indigenous cases, while the total number of visceral leishmaniasis cases declined. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? The transmission risk of MT-ZVL showed a trend of patchy dissemination centered on major endemic areas and medium-high risk occurrence areas of Phlebotomus chinensis with discrete foci. Multi-point re-emergence and local outbreaks of MT-ZVL were trending in historically endemic areas. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? Risk identification and early warnings of MT-ZVL are essential in formulating precise prevention and control strategies in China. More frequent monitoring, establishing a mechanism of joint prevention and control, and highlighting health education are recommended.