5-Aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide analogues are selective inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum microgametocyte exflagellation and potential malaria transmission blocking agents

Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 (PfCDPK4) is essential for the exflagellation of male gametocytes. Inhibition of PfCDPK4 is an effective way of blocking the transmission of malaria by mosquitoes. A series of 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide analogues are demonstrated to be potent inhibitors of PfCDPK4. The compounds are also able to block exflagellation of Plasmodium falciparum male gametocytes without observable toxicity to mammalian cells.