Abstract
Heteropolygonatum xishuiense (Asparagaceae, Convallarioideae, Polygonateae), a new microendemic species from southwest China, is described and illustrated based on morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the chloroplast genome indicate that this new species is sister to H. ogisui. Morphologically, H. xishuiense is similar to H. ginfushanicum and H. ogisui.