Abstract
Gnetum chinense sp. nov., a new lianoid species of Gnetaceae, is described from southwestern China. The new species is morphologically similar to G. montanum Markgr. in its oblong elliptic leaves and the ovoid to ellipsoid chlamydosperm, but differs from the latter by its shorter male spikes having fewer involucral collars (7-10 vs. 13-18 in G. montanum). We also did a new molecular analysis using one nuclear marker (i.e. nrITS) and four chloroplast markers (i.e. matK gene, rpoC1 intron, psbB-rps12 IGS, and trnF-trnV IGS). The result suggests that this specific clade is sister to a large clade consisting of all other known Chinese lianoid species of Gnetum except G. parvifolium (Warb.) W.C. Cheng.