Abstract
Microbial bio-refineries offer a sustainable alternative to traditional petrochemical methods for organic acid production by harnessing the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms to convert renewable feed-stocks into valuable products. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in metabolic engineering techniques that have significantly enhanced the efficiency and productivity of microbial organic acid production. The review discusses key strategies, including pathway engineering, strain optimization, and process optimization, that have contributed to the development of these bio-refineries. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of microbial bio-refineries for sustainable bio-based manufacturing, emphasizing their role in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting a circular economy. This review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals seeking to advance the development of sustainable and economically viable microbial biorefineries for the production of organic acids.