Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Space optimization in architectural planning is a crucial task for maximizing functionality and improving user experience in built environments. Traditional approaches often rely on manual planning or supervised learning techniques, which can be limited by the availability of labeled data and may not adapt well to complex spatial requirements. METHODS: To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel architectural planning robot driven by unsupervised learning for automatic space optimization. The proposed framework integrates spatial attention, clustering, and state refinement mechanisms to autonomously learn and optimize spatial configurations without the need for labeled training data. The spatial attention mechanism focuses the model on key areas within the architectural space, clustering identifies functional zones, and state refinement iteratively improves the spatial layout by adjusting based on learned patterns. Experiments conducted on multiple 3D datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving optimized space layouts with reduced computational requirements. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results show significant improvements in layout efficiency and processing time compared to traditional methods, indicating the potential for real-world applications in automated architectural planning and dynamic space management. This work contributes to the field by providing a scalable solution for architectural space optimization that adapts to diverse spatial requirements through unsupervised learning.