Abstract
Systemic treatment in oncology has become more biomarker-based, molecularly tailored and effective. Building on increasing scientific insights into cell biological and molecular mechanisms, the number of targeted drug therapies is also increasing. There is also an increase in the number of long-term survivors. Neuro(onco)logical care is becoming increasingly more important, not only because of increased direct tumor-related symptoms, such as higher incidence of central nervous system metastases, but also because a broad spectrum of treatment-associated neurological symptoms occur during the course of these modern oncological systemic therapies, which require careful and fast neurological/neuro-oncological evaluation and treatment. The goal of this article is to raise awareness of the most common treatment-associated neurologic symptoms.