Abstract
The gut microbiome harbors immense metabolic capacity, much of which is still being uncovered. Recent discoveries have highlighted the ability of gut microbes to metabolize inositol-derived compounds, including free inositols and their phosphorylated derivatives, inositol phosphates. While these compounds are abundant in plant-based diets, our understanding of the specific bacterial taxa involved and their metabolic pathways has only recently begun to emerge. Intriguingly, inositols and inositol phosphates have been associated with a range of health benefits. Although some effects have been attributed to direct absorption or chemical interactions within the host, increasing evidence points to the gut microbiota as a key mediator in unlocking their therapeutic potential. This review emphasizes the microbial metabolism of inositol derivatives, highlights the intersection between diet, microbial function, and host health, and discusses their implications for nutrition and future therapeutic strategies.