Blood Flow Dynamics in a Giant Left Atrial Appendage Aneurysm Visualized by 4D-Flow CMR

Aneurysms of the left atrial appendage (LAA) are rare entities that often require surgical intervention. We demonstrate multimodality imaging features of a giant LAA aneurysm, with a focus on 3-dimensional blood flow dynamics by using 4-dimensional-flow cardiac magnetic resonance. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).