Abstract
The skin which is a robust predictor of age-related diseases, undergoes morphological and physiological alterations, because of synergistic effects of Intrinsic or Chronological (Age-dependent decline of cell function) and Extrinsic (environmental insults) ageing factors. Ageing is a preordained process that can be determined as the collection of various deleterious changes in cells and tissues. Skin that ages as a consequence of the combination effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors is characterized by coarseness, wrinkling, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, burns and skin sagging. Despite the structural and pathophysiological differences, both types of ageing share several molecular similarities, with the emergence of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases induction reflecting as the key aspects of skin ageing. This review elucidates the skin ageing mechanism with a focus on the management of dermatologic ageing that includes treatment strategies and trends in the use of invasive procedures, and energy-based devices which are aimed at addressing skin ageing phenotypes.