Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hip fractures in the elderly triggers a severe inflammatory immune response. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from 16 elderly hip fracture patients and 16 healthy controls were analysed for 92 inflammatory biomarkers using proximity extension assay (PEA) at different stages after trauma. RESULTS: Dynamic trends in inflammatory proteins after surgery were assessed. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between inflammation-related proteins and clinical parameters. A prognostic risk score model was developed: on day 1, CCL19, FGF-19 and MCP-2 were significant; on day 3, TGF-α, FGF-5, CCL19, IL-22RA1 and IL-12B were included; and on day 7, IL-2RB, CCL19 and 4E-BP1 were significant. High-risk patients had a significantly lower rate of recovery compared with low-risk patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have highlighted the complex inflammatory response during fracture healing and emphasised the importance of long-term monitoring of protein dynamics.