Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of low-grade inflammation (LGI) on stroke recurrence has not been well studied yet. We aimed to evaluate the association between LGI and stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke diagnosed within 72 hours of symptoms onset were consecutively recruited from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were conceived as low-grade inflammation biomarkers and combined into a standardized LGI score. The association of LGI score with the risk of stroke recurrence was analyzed with multivariate Cox regression models. Analyses accounting for the competing risk of stroke recurrence and death were also performed. RESULTS: Of the 1214 patients studied (median age, 61 years; male, 71.6%), 177 (14.6%) patients experienced a recurrent stroke with a median follow-up of 23.0 (interquartile ranges, 14.5-34.0) months. Patients with stroke recurrence had a higher LGI score (median, 3 versus -2; P < 0.001) than those without recurrence. The univariate analysis indicated that patients with LGI scores in the fourth quartile were more likely to have a stroke recurrence (hazard ratios [HR], 4.312; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.675-6.952; P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant in the multivariate Cox regression model (HR, 4.080; 95% CI, 2.420-6.879; P < 0.001). Competing risks model and sensitivity analysis further confirmed this conclusion. CONCLUSION: This study showed that an elevated LGI score was associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence, independent of other vascular risk factors.