Abstract
It was hypothesized that a lack of acetogenic biomass (biocatalyst) at the cathode of a microbial electrosynthesis system, due to electron and nutrient limitations, has prevented further improvement in acetate productivity and efficiency. In order to increase the biomass at the cathode and thereby performance, a bioelectrochemical system with this acetogenic community was operated under galvanostatic control and continuous media flow through a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam cathode. The combination of galvanostatic control and the high surface area cathode reduced the electron limitation and the continuous flow overcame the nutrient limitation while avoiding the accumulation of products and potential inhibitors. These conditions were set with the intention of operating the biocathode through the production of H(2). Biofilm growth occurred on and within the unmodified RVC foam regardless of vigorous H(2) generation on the cathode surface. A maximum volumetric rate or space time yield for acetate production of 0.78 g/L(catholyte)/h was achieved with 8 A/L(catholyte) (83.3 A/m(2)(projected surface area) of cathode) supplied to the continuous flow/culture bioelectrochemical reactors. The total Coulombic efficiency in H(2) and acetate ranged from approximately 80-100%, with a maximum of 35% in acetate. The overall energy efficiency ranged from approximately 35-42% with a maximum to acetate of 12%.