Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O(2)) is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and non-toxic oxidant. Activation of O(2) generates various highly oxidative reactive oxygen species (ROS), which efficiently degrade pollutants with minimal environmental impact. Despite extensive research on the application of O(2) activation in environmental remediation, a comprehensive review addressing this topic is currently lacking. This review provides an informative overview of recent advancements in O(2) activation, focusing on three primary strategies: photocatalytic activation, chemical activation, and electrochemical activation of O(2). We elucidate the respective mechanisms of these activation methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the influence of oxygen supply, reactive temperature, and pH on the O(2) activation process. From electron transfer and energy transfer perspectives, we explore the pathways for ROS generation during O(2) activation. Finally, we address the challenges faced by researchers in this field and discuss future prospects for utilizing O(2) activation in pollution control applications. This detailed analysis enhances our understanding and provides valuable insights for the practical implementation of organic pollutant degradation.