Abstract
This study investigates the presence and biodiversity of tardigrades in a newly identified anthropogenic habitat (holes in concrete blocks) in periurban environments in Bologna, Italy. A total of 13 concrete blocks were sampled and the abundance and diversity of tardigrades present were assessed by both manual counting and DNA metabarcoding. Abundant tardigrades populations were found, with densities reaching up to 5752 individuals per gram of dry sediment. Four tardigrade operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, including species previously associated with freshwater rock pools from Italian Apennines (Ramazzottius cf. varieornatus and Ramazzottius claudii), suggesting that these concrete holes may serve as ecological analogues to such habitats. The findings highlight the potential of anthropogenic environments, specifically concrete anthrotelmata, to support diverse biological communities and provide insights into urban biodiversity conservation strategies. This research underscores the importance of accounting for and integrating artificial habitats into urban planning to enhance biodiversity.