Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from county hospitals in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three sequential non-duplicate CRE strains (including 33 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 4 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, 3 Escherichia coli isolates, 1 Serratia marcescens, 1 Morganella morganii and 1 Citrobacter freundii) were collected from 4 county hospitals and 2 municipal hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by broth microdilution method, using 3-aminophenylboronic acid and EDTA and the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) to screen phenotype of carbapenemase. β-Lactamases were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The transferability of bla (NDM-5) was investigated by transformation experiment. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing . RESULTS: The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 43 CRE strains were resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents, except tigecycline and colistin. Overall, 93%, 93%, and 97.7% of these strains were resistant to imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem, respectively. PCR and DNA sequencing indicated that 67.4% (29/43) were bla (KPC-2) positive isolates, in which 3.4% (1/29) was coproduced with bla (NDM-1). In addition, 7.0% (3/43), 4.7% (2/43), 4.7% (2/43), 2.3% (1/43), 2.3% (1/43) were bla (NDM-1), bla (NDM-16), bla (NDM-4), bla (NDM-5), bla (IMP-4) positive isolates, respectively. The 29 bla (KPC-2)-positive isolates belonged to 12 different PFGE type and designated as ST11 (n=20) and ST15, ST39, ST116, ST667, ST2245, ST2338. The plasmid bearing bla (NDM-5) could be transferred into recipient E. coli J53 through transformation. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated the dissemination of CRE between the tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals.