Abstract
In 1998, we described a novel polymorphism in the promoter (G>C, rs1800795) of the IL-6 (IL6) gene. The common allele, G, exhibited higher transcriptional activity in gene reporter assays and was associated with higher serum IL-6 levels in a small cohort of healthy subjects. We explored the ethnic distribution of these alleles and found significant differences among people of mixed European descent, Africans, and Gujarati Asians. Disease association was established in a cohort of 92 children of mixed European descent from the United Kingdom with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), with the GG genotype being significantly increased in sJIA cases compared with that in 383 controls, especially in those under 6 years old (P = 0.01). This polymorphism has since been used as a functional variant to explore the role of elevated IL-6 levels in many common disease states, confirming the key causal role of IL-6 in human health and disease.