Abstract
Lung cancers with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are highly sensitive to treatment with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Due to the very low rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma enrolled in clinical trials, the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients with ALK-rearranged squamous cell carcinoma in the lung remains unclear. Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old female patient with squamous cell lung cancer harboring the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion gene. The patient was treated with the ALK-TKI alectinib as first-line regimen and achieved a dramatic response without severe adverse events, demonstrating alectinib as a therapeutic option for patients with ALK-positive squamous cell carcinoma.