Abstract
The novel, chemically stabilized disorazole analog, (-)-CP2-disorazole C1 (1) displayed potent anti-proliferative activity against a broad-spectrum of human colorectal cancer cells. HCT15 and H630R1 cell lines expressing high basal levels of the ABCB1 protein, known to cause multi-drug resistance, were also sensitive to growth inhibition by 1 but were resistant to both vincristine and docetaxel, two commonly used microtubule inhibitors. Compound 1 exhibited strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization at a level comparable to vincristine. In addition, treatment with 1 resulted in decreased protein levels of β-tubulin but not α-tubulin. An analysis of cellular proteins known to interact with microtubules showed that 1 caused decreased expression of c-Myc, APC, Rb, and additional key cellular signaling pathways in CRC cells. Treatment with compound 1 also resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, but not senescence. Furthermore, endothelial spheroid sprouting assays demonstrated that 1 suppressed angiogenesis and can, therefore, potentially prevent cancer cells from spreading and metastasizing. Taken together, these findings suggest that the microtubule disruptor 1 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of mCRC.