Abstract
Enhancing the sensitivity of biomedical spectroscopy is crucial for advancing medical research and diagnostics. Metasurfaces have emerged as powerful platforms for enhancing the sensitivity of various biomedical spectral detection technologies. This capability arises from their unparalleled ability to improve interactions between light and matter through the localization and enhancement of light fields. In this article, we review representative approaches and recent advances in metasurface-enhanced biomedical spectroscopy. We provide a comprehensive discussion of various biomedical spectral detection technologies enhanced by metasurfaces, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and other spectral modalities. We demonstrate the advantages of metasurfaces in improving detection sensitivity, reducing detection limits, and achieving rapid biomolecule detection while discussing the challenges associated with the design, preparation, and stability of metasurfaces in biomedical detection procedures. Finally, we explore future development trends of metasurfaces for enhancing biological detection sensitivity and emphasize their wide-ranging applications.