Abstract
Experimental noise often contains information about the interactions of a system with its environment, but establishing a relation between the measured time fluctuations and the underlying physical observables is rarely apparent. Here, we leverage a multidimensional and multisensor analysis of spectral diffusion to investigate the dynamics of trapped carriers near subdiffraction clusters of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We establish statistical correlations in the spectral fluctuations we measure as we recursively probe the cluster optical resonances, which we then exploit to reveal proximal traps. Further, we deterministically induce Stark shifts in the cluster spectrum, ultimately allowing us to pinpoint the relative three-dimensional positions of interacting NVs as well as the location and charge sign of surrounding traps. Our results can be generalized to other color centers and provide opportunities for the characterization of photocarrier dynamics in semiconductors and the manipulation of nanoscale spin-qubit clusters connected via electric fields.