Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Predicting functional outcomes following endovascular treatment (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) is challenging. Some patients achieve functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0 -2) at 90 days despite being dependent at discharge, termed delayed functional independence (DFI), while others lose independence after discharge, termed delayed functional dependence (DFD). This study explores patterns and predictors of DFI and DFD in LVOS patients undergoing EVT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed anterior circulation LVOS patients from the prospective multicenter German Stroke Registry. Multivariable logistic regression models identified independent predictors of DFI and DFD. RESULTS: Of 5909 patients, 2346 were independent at discharge, with 16.1% experiencing DFD at 90 days. DFD was associated with older age (median 78 vs 69 years, p < 0.001), female sex (61.4% vs 46.1%, p < 0.001), and greater stroke severity. Variables associated with DFD in multivariable analysis included older age, female sex, higher premorbid and discharge mRS, higher NIHSS at discharge, and absence of IV thrombolysis. Of 3563 patients dependent at discharge, 20.6% achieved DFI. DFI patients were younger (median 71 vs 77 years, p < 0.001), less likely female (38.7% vs 52.6%, p < 0.001) and had lower admission NIHSS, better pre-stroke functional status, higher ASPECTS and more frequent successful recanalization. Variables associated with DFI in multivariable analysis included younger age, male sex, better pre-stroke functional status, lower stroke severity and successful recanalization. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both DFD and DFI are frequent in clinical practice, with higher DFD and lower DFI rates in women, which warrants further investigation. Understanding these predictors can enhance individualized patient counseling and management strategies.