Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide intense pulses that can generate stimulated X-ray emission, a phenomenon that has been observed and studied in materials ranging from neon to copper. Two schemes have been employed: amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and seeded stimulated emission (SSE), where a second color XFEL pulse provides the seed. Both phenomena are currently explored for coherent X-ray laser sources and spectroscopy. Here, we report measurements of ASE and SSE of the 5.9 keV Mn Kα(1) fluorescence line from a 3.9 molar NaMnO(4) solution, pumped with 7 femtosecond FWHM XFEL pulses at 6.6 keV. We observed ASE at a pump pulse intensity of 1.7 × 10(19) W/cm(2), consistent with earlier findings. We observed SSE at dramatically reduced pump pulse intensities down to 1.1 × 10(17) W/cm(2). These intensities are well within the range of many existing XFEL instruments, which supports the experimental feasibility of SSE as a tool to generate coherent X-ray pulses, spectroscopic studies of transition metal complexes, and other applications.