Abstract
The environmental impact of synthetic dyes presents a significant challenge due to their toxicity and persistence in ecosystems. Recent advancements in surfactant-modified adsorbent materials offer a promising solution for effective dye removal. Surfactants, recognized for their nontoxic and eco-friendly properties, enhance the performance of adsorbents by improving their dye-capturing capabilities. This review explores the innovative integration of surfactants into various adsorbent matrices for the removal of common dyes, such as methylene blue, malachite green, rhodamine B, congo red, and methyl orange. By focusing on the interactions between surfactant-modified adsorbents and dye molecules, we provide insights into the mechanisms that enhance the adsorption efficiency. We also address the influence of competing ions and salts typically found in wastewater, emphasizing their role in shaping adsorption dynamics. Furthermore, we discuss critical factors affecting the regeneration and reusability of these materials, highlighting their potential for industrial applications. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on either adsorbent-dye or surfactant-dye interactions, this Review emphasizes the synergistic integration of surfactants within adsorbent matrices. By exploring the interactions of surfactant-assisted modified adsorbents and dye molecules, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of advanced and cost-effective materials for enhanced dye removal.