Abstract
Palladium is one of the widely used precious metals toward catalysis, energy, and environmental applications. Efficient recovery and reusability of palladium from the spent catalysts is not only highly desirable for sustainable industrial processing but also for preventing environmental contamination. Here, we present a facile citrate-mediated amine functionalization of alumina nanopowder (AO) in aqueous medium. The surface functionalization is probed using infrared (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, and zeta potential measurements. The amine-functionalized sorbent is thoroughly studied for its vital palladium-sorption parameters such as amount of adsorbent, pH, adsorption capacity, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The palladium adsorption over amine-functionalized AO is further characterized with X-ray diffraction and XPS. IR analysis of palladium adsorbed over polyethyleneimine is performed to elucidate the mechanistic insight on the role of nitrogen in capturing palladium. The amine-functionalized sorbent after adsorbing palladium is studied for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Cr(VI) and hydrogen generation from ammonia borane, which demonstrated its excellent catalytic activity and reusability toward energy and environmental applications. The environmentally benign materials and all-aqueous reactions employed in this work demonstrate the potential of the strategy for efficient and economical industrial transformations and waste-stream management.