Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides play a key role in AD. Soluble Aβ (sAβ) oligomers were shown to be involved in pathological hypersynchronisation of brain resting-state networks in different transgenic developmental-onset mouse models of amyloidosis. However, the impact of protein overexpression during brain postnatal development may cause additional phenotypes unrelated to AD. To address this concern, we investigated sAβ effects on functional resting-state networks in transgenic mature-onset amyloidosis Tet-Off APP (TG) mice. TG mice and control littermates were raised on doxycycline (DOX) diet from 3d up to 3 m of age to suppress transgenic Aβ production. Thereafter, longitudinal resting-state functional MRI was performed on a 9.4 T MR-system starting from week 0 (3 m old mice) up to 28w post DOX treatment. Ex-vivo immunohistochemistry and ELISA analysis was performed to assess the development of amyloid pathology. Functional Connectivity (FC) analysis demonstrated early abnormal hypersynchronisation in the TG mice compared to the controls at 8w post DOX treatment, particularly across regions of the default mode-like network, known to be affected in AD. Ex-vivo analyses performed at this time point confirmed a 20-fold increase in total sAβ levels preceding the apparition of Aβ plaques and inflammatory responses in the TG mice compared to the controls. On the contrary at week 28, TG mice showed an overall hypoconnectivity, coinciding with a widespread deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain. By preventing developmental influence of APP and/or sAβ during brain postnatal development, we demonstrated FC abnormalities potentially driven by sAβ neurotoxicity on resting-state neuronal networks in mature-induced TG mice. Thus, the Tet-Off APP mouse model could be a powerful tool while used as a mature-onset model to shed light into amyloidosis mechanisms in AD.