Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is versatile tool in plastic surgery and is increasing used for reconstruction following breast conserving surgery for breast cancer. Part of the reconstructive qualities of the transferred fat may be due to the presence of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) playing an angiogenic and an adipogenic role. In this context it must be considered if autologously engrafted fat tissue could contribute to carcinogenesis following breast conserving surgery. In this article we review the current stem cell biology evidence on engraftment, transdifferentiation and potential carcinogenic contribution in the breast and other solid organ stem cell niches in an attempt to highlight possible areas of concern.