Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms exert a significant influence in counteracting diverse external stresses and facilitating plant nutrient uptake. While certain rhizosphere microorganisms associated with Salix species have been investigated, numerous rhizosphere microorganisms from various Salix species remain underexplored. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to examine the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities composition and diversity of three Salix species: Salix zangica (SZ), Salix myrtilllacea (SM), and Salix cheilophila (SC). Furthermore, the BugBase and FUNGuild were utilized to predict the functional roles of bacterial and fungal microorganisms. The findings revealed notable variations in the alpha and beta diversities of bacterial and fungal communities among the three Salix species exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Flavobacterium was highest in the SZ samples, while Microvirga exhibited significant enrichment in the SM samples. Microvirga and Vishniacozyma demonstrate the highest number of nodes within their respective bacterial and fungal community network structures. The functions of bacterial microorganisms, including Gram-positive, potentially pathogenic, Gram-negative, and stress-tolerant types, exhibited significant variation among the three Salix species (p < 0.05). Furthermore, for the function of fungal microbe, the ectomycorrhizal guild had the highest abundance of symbiotic modes. This results demonstrated the critical role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in enhancing nutrient absorption and metabolism during the growth of Salix plants. Additionally, this findings also suggested that S. zangica plant was better well-suited for cultivation in stressful environments. These findings guide future questions about plant-microbe interactions, greatly enhancing our understanding of microbial communities for the healthy development of Salix plants.