Abstract
The rising global consumption and industrialization has resulted in increased food processing demand. Food industry generates a tremendous amount of waste which causes serious environmental issues. These problems have forced us to create strategies that will help to reduce the volume of waste and the contamination to the environment. Waste from food industries has great potential as substrates for value-added bioproducts. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs) have received considerable attention in recent years due to their comparable characteristics to common plastics. These biodegradable polyesters are produced by microorganisms during fermentation processes utilizing various carbon sources. Scale-up of PHA production is limited due to the cost of the carbon source metabolized by the microorganisms. Therefore, there is a growing need for the development of novel microbial processes using inexpensive carbon sources. Such substrates could be waste generated by the food industry and food service. The use of industrial waste streams for PHAs biosynthesis could transform PHA production into cheaper and more environmentally friendly bioprocess. This review collates in detail recent developments in the biosynthesis of various types of PHAs produced using waste derived from agrofood industries. Challenges associated with this production bioprocess were described, and new ways to overcome them were proposed.