Abstract
Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) GABAergic neurons are projection neurons that convey output from the basal ganglia to target structures. These neurons exhibit spontaneous regular firing, but also exhibit burst firing in the presence of NMDA or when excitatory glutamatergic input to the SNr is activated. Notably, an increase in burst firing is also seen in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, elucidating conductances that mediate spontaneous activity and changes of firing pattern in these neurons is essential for understanding how the basal ganglia control movement. Using ex vivo slices of guinea pig midbrain, we show that SNr GABAergic neurons express transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels that underlie NMDA-induced burst firing. Furthermore, we show that spontaneous firing rate and burst activity are modulated by the reactive oxygen species H(2)O(2) acting via TRPM2 channels. Thus, our results indicate that activation of TRPM2 channels is necessary for burst firing in SNr GABAergic neurons and their responsiveness to modulatory H(2)O(2). These findings have implications not only for normal regulation, but also for Parkinson's disease, which involves excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.