Abstract
The study of the capillary-like network formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro is important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit angiogenesis. Here, we report the behavior of HUVECs on the composite hydrogels containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin with different degrees of degradation, inducing the different physicochemical properties of the hydrogels. The hydrogels were obtained through horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogelation consuming hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 16 ppm) supplied from the air, and the degradation degree was tuned by altering the exposure time to the air. The HUVECs on the composite hydrogel with intermediate stiffness (1.2 kPa) obtained through 120 min of the exposure were more elongated than those on the soft (0.4 kPa) and the stiff (2.4 kPa) composite hydrogels obtained through 15 min and 60 min of the exposure, respectively. In addition, HUVECs formed a capillary-like network only on the stiff composite hydrogel although those on the hydrogels with comparable stiffness but containing gelatin alone or alginate instead of HA did not form the network. These results show that the HA/gelatin composite hydrogels obtained through the H(2)O(2)-mediated crosslinking and degradation could be a tool for studies using HUVECs to understand the promotion and inhibition of angiogenesis.