Abstract
Risk is an inescapable aspect of clinical research and is increasingly pertinent to the gene therapy field as the imperative for clinical trial activity grows. In recent years, the widely reported occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) in gene therapy studies, including trials for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), and rheumatoid arthritis, has heightened fear in public perceptions of gene therapy. Although it is essential to be cognizant of the risks involved in gene therapy research, there is a danger that gene therapy may become too risk-averse. If the field is to make progress, it is necessary to understand how risk is defined in gene therapy research, how understandings of risk differ, how risk is assessed, how decisions about risk are made, and how gene therapy risks are communicated to subjects and research participants during the informed consent process. In addition to minimizing the risks of clinical research through extensive preclinical safety studies, attention should be given to how decisions about risk and risk acceptability are made by researchers and subjects, and to the methods used to communicate risks to patients. Critical attention to risk will help ensure that the safety of subjects is protected, while also enabling research to develop better treatments for patients.