Abstract
Proper regulation of epigenetic states of chromatin is crucial to achieve tissue-specific gene expression during embryogenesis. The lung-specific gene products, surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C), are synthesized in alveolar epithelial cells and prevent alveolar collapse. Epigenetic regulation of these surfactant proteins, however, remains unknown. Here we report that MCRIP1, a regulator of the CtBP transcriptional co-repressor, promotes the expression of SP-B and SP-C by preventing CtBP-mediated epigenetic gene silencing. Homozygous deficiency of Mcrip1 in mice causes fatal respiratory distress due to abnormal transcriptional repression of these surfactant proteins. We found that MCRIP1 interferes with interactions of CtBP with the lung-enriched transcriptional repressors, Foxp1 and Foxp2, thereby preventing the recruitment of the CtBP co-repressor complex to the SP-B and SP-C promoters and maintaining them in an active chromatin state. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which cells prevent inadvertent gene silencing to ensure tissue-specific gene expression during organogenesis.