Abstract
Breast cancer affects women at an increasingly younger age, with genetic predispositions and other factors contributing to its second-highest cancer mortality rate. The diversity of pharmacological treatment stems from its heterogeneity, which favors a more precise approach to each subtype. Despite the extensive advances in medicine in recent decades, the problem of treating cancer patients remains significant. The problem with modern therapeutic methods is low effectiveness, emerging side effects, difficulty in eliminating all cancer cells, and the quite common use of monotherapy and the associated drug resistance, which may lead to disease progression. The aim of this review is to present the latest therapeutic strategies (combination therapies) used in the treatment of breast cancer. PubMed databases and clinical data from ClinicalTrials.gov were used for this purpose. The review included characteristics of the latest clinical trials from the last year (2024-2025), which present currently recruiting studies of breast cancer treatment with immunotherapy. The review also presented characteristics of clinical trials from the last 5 years (2020-2025) using nanoparticles as an adjunct to breast cancer treatment. Articles published between 2016 and August 2025 (excluding articles that describe the first use of a given drug) were included in the review. The review analyzed drugs targeting molecular targets, including intracellular pathways responsible for cell cycle regulation, as well as new directions such as nanotechnology in treatment breast cancer.