Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging problem of the 21st century. The prevalence has increased, reaching an alarming rate. Furthermore, the problem is global and is also affecting low- and middle-income countries. This global obesity epidemic explains how the roots of cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of mortality among adults, begin in childhood. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and to develop noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Thus, prevention should be the major goal and should start early in life. The aim of this review is to present an updated framework of the current understanding of the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in obese children and adolescents and to discuss the available therapeutic options.