Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a continuous decline in renal function, independent of the initial cause of damage or external factors such as infection, inflammation, or toxins. The accurate measurement of renal function, typically assessed using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is crucial for managing CKD. The most accepted hypothesis for CKD progression is glomerular damage caused by hyperfiltration. Various factors can accelerate CKD progression, and several biomarkers have been identified to monitor this progression. Numerous studies have explored the risk factors associated with CKD progression, and some of these factors can be modified. Additionally, several drugs are now available that can reduce CKD progression. This review summarizes recent publications and highlights potential future research directions in CKD progression. It discusses the evolution of GFR measurement methods, the mechanisms driving CKD progression, and the latest findings on biomarkers and risk factors. Furthermore, it explores therapeutic strategies, including dietary modifications and pharmacological interventions, to slow CKD progression. Understanding these mechanisms and interventions is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or slow CKD progression.