Abstract
Studies suggest that physical exercise and cognitive training interventions can help improve cognitive functions and mobility in older adults. However, the specific impact of different types of exercise programs and cognitive training on mobility and cognition in sedentary older adults is not fully understood. To investigate this, 68 healthy sedentary participants over the age of 60 (M=68.58, SD=4.68) have been randomized to one of the three 12 weeks training programs (Aerobic (AE)=23, Motor Functions (MF)=24, Cognition(COG)=21). Before and after the training program, the participants underwent physical fitness tests (VO2Max; timed-up-and-go – TUG; metabolic energy cost of walking – MECW), and cognitive evaluations (MMSE, and a modified computerized Stroop task). The AE consisted of high intensity training on a recumbent bicycle. The MF consisted of full-body exercises focusing on coordination, balance, stretching, flexibility without raising the heart rate. The COG training consisted of Ipad exercises focusing on executive functions. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a mobility improvement in TUG in all three groups (F(1,65)=9.25, P<.00), an improvement in VO2Max only in the AE group (F(2,65)=4.68, P<.01), an improvement in MECW only in the HM group (F(2,65)=3.35, P<.04), an improvement in Stroop inhibition reaction time only in the COG and MF groups (F(2,65)=25.83, P<.00), and an improvement in Stroop switching reaction time in all groups, with the highest benefit in the COG group (F(2,65)=38.75, P<.00). The study shows that three separate training programs targeting specific mechanisms can improve mobility and confirms the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition.