Abstract
BACKGROUND: Participatory research methods are gaining interest. In applying these methods, there is often a lack of consideration for methodological issues. Furthermore, a unifying system for categorizing the various approaches does not exist. OBJECTIVES: Based on a scoping review, a categorization of participatory research methods to promote health equity was undertaken. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Included in the review are 44 publications in German and English retrieved from various databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, SocIndex, Livivo, Cochrane, Fachportal Pädagogik). Additional publications were identified by hand searching and using the snowball method. RESULTS: The methods are categorized by research phase and type of format used. The principles of multidimensionality and phase integration are central to the proposed system of categorization, resulting in a primary distinction between the methods used to facilitate the participatory research process versus methods used for participatory data collection and analysis. The majority of methods identified are used for data collection or reflexive processes. There are gaps in the German literature regarding methods for cooperative decision making, participatory data analysis, and the application of research results. CONCLUSION: The classification system provides an overview of available methods and the degree of participation they promote. The system draws attention to the spectrum of methods available, being useful for both teaching and research purposes.