Abstract
Saline-alkali stress and cold damage significantly impact the yield of Brassica napus. G proteins play a crucial role in plant resistance to abiotic stresses, and research on G proteins in Brassica napus (rapeseed) is still in its early stages. In this study, we employed bioinformatics tools to systematically investigate the basic physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, distribution, gene structure, cis-regulatory elements, and expansion patterns of the GS3 gene family in Brassica napus. Additionally, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the response of the BnGS3-3 gene to salt and low-temperature stresses. Natural variations were found in the promoter region of BnGS3-3. By conducting a promoter-driven luciferase (LUC) assay, the relationship between natural variations in the BnGS3-3 promoter and salt and cold tolerance was analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of these natural variations on flowering time, root length, and yield was explored using phenotypic data from a population. Our research results aim to provide insights into the function and molecular mechanisms of BnGS3-3 in Brassica napus, and to offer valuable genetic resources for molecular breeding to improve salt and low-temperature tolerance in Brassica napus.