Abstract
Most experiments on thinning effects are based upon short-term outcomes, which has led to a common conclusion that stand gross volume will be reduced after various thinning operations. However, contrary results are emerging from more recent long-term thinning experiments. The well-known biological concept of compensatory growth was introduced to reconcile these opposing results. This synthetic article describes a systematic investigation on overcompensation under the conceptual framework of compensatory growth and consists of the following: (1) empirical evidence of overcompensation in forests; (2) a theoretical proof of the possibility of emerging overcompensation using a life-history-theory based analytical tree adaptive growth (TAG) model; and (3) an empirical data-based tree compensatory growth (TreeCG) model that resembles the growth relationships from natural stands. Our results indicate that (1) overcompensation is an expected common phenomenon across different tree species and geographical regions, and (2) overcompensation can be predicted from at least two different mechanisms: optimal allocation of available energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance and reserves, and redistribution of freed resources from dead trees. Therefore, overcompensation is a predictable phenomenon, and forest managers can make SFM (Sustainable Forest Management) decisions based on their specific management goals. Research recommendations are suggested for next steps.